Short Notes For Neet Disorders Of Bones

#Let’s Learn About Common Bone Diseases

Bone diseases or disorders are medical conditions that can affect the bones in our body. In this article, we will explore some of the most common bone diseases, their causes, symptoms, and pathogenesis.

  1. Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is the most common disease in the elderly and is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, making bones more fragile and increasing the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis can be of various types depending on the causes.

Primary osteoporosis is a disorder that is most common in post-menopausal women and is age-related. It is caused by demineralisation and a lower estrogen level after menopause, which leads to a rapid loss of bone mass.

This type of osteoporosis is uncommon in young individuals and children.

Secondary osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of other disorders or medications, including:

  • Cystic fibrosis, which leads to a marked decrease in bone density
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Renal defect leading to low calcium reabsorption
  • Estrogen deficiency due to genetic disorders or chronic illness
  • Alcoholism
  • Smoking
  • Lack of exercise
  • Certain medications such as glucocorticoids or chemotherapy

2. Rickets and Osteomalacia

Rickets and osteomalacia are caused by inadequate levels of Calcium, phosphate, and Vitamin D, resulting in skeletal deformities and fractures.

Rickets affects children, causing a delay in the deposition of calcium phosphate in growing bones and resulting in deformities of the bones.

Osteomalacia is a condition that occurs in adults, causing the softening of bones and leading to fractures.

  1. Paget’s Disease

In this disease, the recycling or remodelling process of bone is disrupted, leading to an excessive loss of bone at the affected sites. This progressive disorder commonly affects the pelvis, spine, legs, and skull, causing rapid production of disorganized new bone formation and weakening of the bones, resulting in deformities. Localized sites contain numerous osteoclasts.

Paget’s disease is associated with both a viral infection and genetic defects.

4. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a developmental skeletal disorder, also known as brittle bone disease, in which the bones of the deceased break easily. It may be caused due to mutation or genetic defects that lead to impaired production of type I collagen protein. OI is of four main types, ranging from mild to severe, with type I being the most common and related to the mildest symptoms, while type II is the most severe form.

5. Bone Tumours

Bone tumours are not inherited and are acquired later in life. Primary tumours originate within the bones, while secondary or metastatic tumours originate outside of the skeleton. Osteosarcoma is a form of the malignant primary tumour, and osteochondroma is a common benign tumour.

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